橡胶支座
Rubber bearing
支座是指用以支承容器或设备的重量，并使其固定于一定位置的支承部件，还要承受操作时的振动与地震载荷。橡胶支座是橡胶和薄钢板紧密结合而成，用于支撑桥梁重量。
A bearing is a support component that is used to support the weight of a container or equipment and is fixed to a certain position. It also bears the vibration and seismic load of the operation. Rubber bearing is a tight combination of rubber and thin steel plate to support the weight of the bridge.
板式支座
Plate bearing
类型划分
Type division
板式橡胶支座由多层天然橡胶与至少两层以上相同厚度的薄钢板镶嵌、粘合、硫化而成一种桥梁支座产品。
The plate rubber bearing is a bridge bearing product, which is inlaid, glued and vulcanized by multi-layer natural rubber and thin steel plate with the same thickness at least two layers.
该种类型的橡胶支座有足够的竖向刚度以承受垂直荷载，且能将上部构造的压力可靠地传递给墩台；有良好的弹性以适应梁端地转动；有较大地剪切变形以满足上部构造的水平位移；
Rubber bearings of this type have enough vertical stiffness to bear vertical load, and the upper structure of the pressure can be reliably transferred to the pier; have good flexibility to adapt to Duandi beam rotation; a greater shear deformation to meet the horizontal displacement of superstructure;
板式支座按形状划分：矩形、圆形两种产品。
Plate bearing is divided according to shape: two kinds of products, rectangular and round.
按是否能够提供水平位移划分为：聚四氟乙烯滑板支座和普通橡胶支座。
The horizontal displacement can be divided into: polytetrafluoroethylene slider bearing and common rubber bearing.
矩形（圆形）式板
Rectangular (circular) plate
（1）性能：本产品由多层橡胶片与薄钢板镶嵌、粘合在一定压力、一定温度和一定时间内硫化压制而成。有足够的竖向刚度以承压垂直荷载，能将梁板上部构造的反力可靠地传递给墩台，有良好的弹性，以适应梁端的转动；又有较大的剪切变形以满足上部梁体构造的水平位移。
(1) performance: This product is made of multilayer rubber sheet and thin steel plate inlaid and glued to a certain pressure, certain temperature and a certain time. There are enough vertical stiffness to bearing vertical load, the upper structure of the beam plate can be reliably transferred to the pier force, good flexibility, in order to adapt to the rotation of the beam end; and to meet the horizontal displacement of upper beam structure of large shear deformation.
（2）特点：本产品在桥梁建筑、水电工程、房屋抗震设施上已广泛应用，与原用的钢支座相比，有构造 简单，安装方便；节约钢材，价格低廉；养护简便，易于更换等优点，且本品建筑高度低，对桥梁设计与降低造价有益；有良好的隔震作用，可减少活载与地震力对建筑物的冲击作用。
(2) features: This product has been widely used in bridge construction, hydropower projects, housing seismic facilities, compared with the original steel bearing, has simple structure, convenient installation; steel saving, low price; easy maintenance, easy replacement and other advantages, and the low building height, and reduce the cost of bridge design have good beneficial; isolation, live load and seismic force can reduce the impact on the building effect.
聚四氟乙烯滑板式
Polytetrafluoroethylene skate
简称四氟滑板式桥梁支座，本产品是于普通板式橡胶支座上粘接一层厚2-3mm的聚四氟乙烯板而成。除具有普通板式橡胶支座的竖向刚度与弹性变形，能承受垂直荷载及适应梁端转动外，因四氟乙烯与梁底不锈钢板间的低摩擦系数（μ≤0.03）可使桥梁上部构造的水平位移不受限制，跨度>30米的大跨度桥梁、简支梁连续板桥和多跨连续梁桥可作活动支座使用；连续梁顶推、T型梁横移和大型设备滑移可作滑块使用。
For short, the Teflon slide plate type bridge support, this product is made of a thick 2-3mm polytetrafluoroethylene plate on the ordinary plate rubber bearing. In addition to the vertical with normal rubber bearing stiffness and elastic deformation under vertical load and can adapt to the rotation of the outer end of the beam, because of low coefficient of friction between the steel plate and beam bottom tetrafluoroethylene (U = 0.03) the horizontal displacement of the upper structure of the bridge is not restricted, span >30 meters long span bridge, continuous beam bridge and multi span continuous beam bridge can be used as a movable support; continuous beam pushing and shifting of T beam and large equipment can use the slider slip.
材料分类：
Material classification:
a：氯丁橡胶: 适用温度+60℃∽-25℃
A: Neoprene: suitable temperature +60 to -25 degrees
b：天然橡胶: 适用温度+60℃∽-40℃
B: natural rubber: suitable temperature +60 to -40 degrees
使用方法
Usage method
1)选用
1) selection
a：查看板式橡胶支座的安装施工图纸，主要注意板式橡胶支座的规格型号、厚度、设计承载力等主要技术参数。四氟滑板橡胶支座还要注意预埋钢板的尺寸和安装位置及方向；
A: check the installation drawings of the plate rubber bearing, and pay attention to the main technical parameters, such as the size, thickness and design bearing capacity of the plate rubber bearing. The size and location and direction of the pre buried steel plate should be paid attention to in the rubber bearing of the Teflon.
b：选用板式橡胶支座时,支座的最大承载力应与桥梁支点反力相吻合,其容许偏差范围宜为±10%；
B: when the plate rubber bearing is selected, the maximum bearing capacity of the support should be consistent with the counterforce of the bridge pivot, and the allowable deviation range is 10%.
c： 对于弯、坡、斜、宽桥梁，宜选用圆形板式橡胶支座。公路桥梁工程不宜使用带球冠或坡形的橡胶支座；
C: circular plate rubber bearing should be used for curved, sloping, oblique and wide bridges. The highway bridge engineering is the use of rubber bearings with spherical or slope shape;
d：当桥梁纵坡坡度不大于1%时，板式橡胶支座可直接设置于墩台上，但应考虑纵坡影响所需要的厚度。当纵坡坡度大于1%时，应采用预埋钢板（加楔形钢板）、混凝土垫块（带坡度的垫石）或其他措施将梁底调平，保证支座平置。板式橡胶支座应按JTG D62的有关规定验算并在验算满足规定要求后方可使用。
D: when the bridge longitudinal slope is not greater than 1%, the laminated rubber bearing can be directly arranged on the pier, but should consider the influence of the required thickness of longitudinal slope. When the longitudinal gradient is greater than 1%, we should use pre embedded steel plate (plus wedge steel plate), concrete cushion block (with a slope pad stone) or other measures to adjust the bottom of the beam to ensure the support's flat. The plate rubber bearing shall be checked in accordance with the relevant regulations of JTG D62 and can be used after the checking calculation satisfies the requirements.
e：GJZF4、GYZF4型四氟滑板橡胶支座应水平安装。并应设置上下钢板，四氟滑板与不锈钢板间应该涂放5201-2硅脂润滑油，安装后一定要设置防尘罩；支座的四氟滑板不得设置在支座底面，与四氟滑板接触的不锈钢板也不能直接设置在桥梁墩、台垫石上。
E:GJZF4 and GYZF4 type tetrafluoroskateboard rubber bearing should be installed horizontally. And should be set on the steel plate, stainless steel plate and PTFE slide should apply 5201-2 grease lubricating oil, after installation must be set dustproof; PTFE sliding bearings should be set up in the bottom surface of the supporting seat, stainless steel plate in contact with PTFE skateboarding also cannot be provided directly to the bridge pier and abutment pad stone.
2）安装
2) installation
a：安装准备
A: Installation Preparation
a.1 板式橡胶支座安装处宜设置支承垫石,支承垫石平面尺寸大小应按局部承压计算确定,垫石长度、宽度应比支座相应的尺寸至少增加50mm左右，其高度应为100mm以上，且应考虑便于支座的更换。
A.1 rubber bearing installation should set the bearing pad stone, bearing pad stone plane size should be according to the local pressure calculation, cushion stone length and width should be higher than the corresponding support size increase of at least about 50mm, its height should be more than 100mm, and should be considered for the replacement of bearings.
a.2 支座垫石内应布置钢筋网，钢筋直径为8mm时，间距宜为50mm×50mm，桥梁墩、台内应有竖向钢筋延伸至支座垫石内，支座垫石的混凝土强度等级不应低于C50。
The reinforcement net should be arranged in the A.2 bearing cushion stone. When the diameter of the steel bar is 8mm, the spacing should be 50mm * 50mm, and the vertical reinforcement of the bridge pier and the platform should extend to the support cushion stone. The concrete strength grade of the bearing pad stone should not be lower than C50.
a.3 支座垫石表面应平整、清洁、干爽、无浮沙。支座垫石顶面标高要求准确无误。在平坡情况下，同一片梁两端支承垫石及同一桥墩、台上支承垫石应处于同一设计标高平面内，其相对高差不应超过±1.5 mm，同一支承垫石高差应小于0.5 mm。
A.3 bearing pad stone surface should be smooth, clean, dry, no sand. The top surface elevation of the bearing cushion is accurate. Under the condition of flat slope, the supporting stones at the two ends of the same beam and the same pier and platform support shall be placed in the same design elevation plane. The relative height difference should not exceed 1.5 mm, and the height difference of the same bearing pad should be less than 0.5 mm.